Three Common Thyroid Problems

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The thyroid gland is an important part of the endocrine system, which provides instructions to the body’s cells. When the thyroid isn’t functioning properly, it can affect the entire body, causing these symptoms and many more.
This small gland is about two inches long, located below the Adam’s apple, and weighs less than one ounce. It makes hormones that affect everything from brain development to metabolism. While some thyroid problems may present a series of symptoms, others may be difficult to detect.
Thyroid disease is very common, particularly among women and those middle-aged or older. So it's important to be aware of the common problems associated with this small gland. The most common are hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and goiters.
 
HYPOTHYROIDISM
Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid does not make enough thyroid hormone. As a result, body functions may slow down. According to the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, an estimated 4.6 percent of the U.S. population over age 12 has hypothyroidism. Women are more likely to develop hypothyroidism than men. And because it develops slowly over a period of time, many do not immediately notice symptoms of the disease. These symptoms include:
   Joint and muscle pain
   Constipation
   Dry skin
   Fatigue
   Dry, thinning hair
   Depression
   Irregular menstrual periods
   Slowed heart rate
 
HYPERTHYROIDISM
Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid produces more hormone than the body needs; this is also called thyrotoxicosis. As a result, many body functions speed up. Roughly one percent of the U.S. population has hyperthyroidism. Its symptoms may include:
   Fatigue
   Nervousness
   Insomnia or trouble sleeping
   Hand tremors
   Mood swings
   Irregular and rapid heartbeat
   Diarrhea
 
GOITERS
A goiter is an enlarged thyroid. Not only can it cause the neck to look swollen, but it can also interfere with swallowing and breathing. It is typically caused by a lack of iodine in the diet.However, in the United States salt is typically iodized, and therefore, goiters are more likely due to hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism.
 
ARE YOU AT RISK FOR DEVELOPING A THYROID DISORDER?
Those more likely to develop thyroid disorders are those who:
   Have had a goiter or previous thyroid surgery
   Have had autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or type 1 diabetes
   Are over age 60
   Have had a baby within the last six months
   Have a family history of thyroid disease.
 
Because not all thyroid diseases may exhibit symptoms, it is important to make a thyroid test a part of your regular physical exam.

Source: Raleigh Medical Group